I found a few good articles to help us review ghusl:
- The Ruling and Description of Ghusl : Shaikh ‘Abdullaah bin Saalih Al-‘Ubaylaan, which discusses when ghusl is obligatory vs. recommended as well as the manner of making ghusl.
- How to Perform Ghusl (TrulySalafiyyah.Wordpress.com)
Ghusl is obligatory when:
- Semen is emitted
- There is contact between the genitals
- In the case of menstruation and nifaas (post-natal bleeding)
- In the case of death
Ghusl is encouraged:
- on the two Eids
- after washing a dead body
- before entering the state of ihraam or entering Makkah
- for a woman who is suffering from istihaadah (abnormal non-menstrual bleeding)
- before every prayer
- after being unconscious
- after burying a mushrik.
Manner of making ghusl:
- Wash the hands
- Wash privates with left hand
- Perform wudhoo up to, but not including the feet
- Pour water over head three times
- Wash rest of body
- Wash the feet
Say Bismillah before beginning?
Saying Bismillah when doing ghusl and wudoo’ is mustahabb according to the majority of fuqaha’, and the Hanbalis said that it is obligatory. Shaykh ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Saying Bismillaah is obligatory according to our madhhab, as in the case of wudoo’. There is no text concerning that but they said: It is obligatory in the case of wudoo’ so it is more so in the case of ghusl, because that is a greater purification. But the correct view is that it is not obligatory in the case of either wudoo’ or ghusl.